“NEED ANALYSIS“

To analyze learning needs, we need to know what "needs" it really is. According to John Munby needs is highly detailed set of procedures for discovering target situation needs. It consists of a range of questions about key communication variables (topic, participants,medium,etc) which can be used to identify the target needs of any group of learners. In short, the need is all the ability, facilities and participants into a single unit for produce the linguistic feature of target language. In analyze learning need there are three kinds of Target Need. They are : Necesseties, Lack, and Wants. That is important part in ESP itself. As we know that ESP is different with scholl or class agenda. ESP is English Specifics Purposes. The first target need is Necessities. Necessities is a type of needs which is crucial or important. Because here, learners should know and understand what they have mastered in accordance with their target situation. It is intended that all learning to be more affective. The Second is Lack. Analize the necessities is not enough, we also need to analize what the learners have learned, known, mastered and what the learners less understand. So, we can decide which of the necessities the learners lack. Something that have to be underline is when the target proficiency is not matched againts with learners’ proficiency, it will cause the lacks. when all of learning componen including learners, sponsor and teacher aware of the learnes’ weaknesses, they will be more focused on the material that became the weaknesess and will look for the reason, the way how the material can be given very well. The last is Wants. So far we already know what the "necessaries" and "lack", but the effectiveness of ESP is also depend on the motivation of learners which would be very influential on the desire to learn and their concentration.
Of existing requirements, students will find out what he really needed besides what he got from the course. This self-awareness is influenced by the environment and circumstances that he faced. There are some ways to gathering the information of need analysis. The most frequent ways are questionnaires, interviews, observations, data collection and informal consultation with sponsors, learners and others. To analyse learning need, we have to attend to : Why are learners taking the course?, How do the learners learn?, What resources are available?, and Who are the learners?